Embracing Change Essay Example for Free

Grasping Change Essay On the off chance that Barack Obama were reappointed as the United States President, would change happen? Situated in Charlotte, North Carolina, Eva Longoria took the platform at the Democratic National Convention not long before 8:20p.m on September 6, 2012. Eva Longoria was asked by the Democratic Party to talk in the interest of Barack Obama, with the essential goal to focus on the Latino populace, particularly ladies. By all accounts, it created the impression that Eva Longoria’s design was to talk publically on the side of the Democratic Party, yet the genuine explanation Longoria was solicited to talk was on the grounds that from her star-quality. Many gathering supporters trust her prevalence will draw in the consideration of Latinos and ladies voters for Obama’s re-appointment to the United States Presidency. Using feeling and ethos, Eva Longoria’s notable status inside our general public helped her to easily catch the audience’s consideration, fundamentally Latino ladies, and guiding them to the criticalness of instruction and the significance of boosting the economy in her discourse, I Don’t Need a Tax Break. The crowd, of whom Eva Longoria is tending to, has solid political perspectives. They esteem the essentialness of instruction, just as the estimation of a solid, settled economy. Besides, the crowd bears explicit socioeconomics in sexual orientation, economic wellbeing, class, and occupation. The essential crowd that Eva Longoria focused inside her discourse, Latinos and ladies, experience the ill effects of the weights of high assessments, joblessness, inconsistent compensation, just as a deficiency in capital for a quality advanced degree. The crowd knows that these issues exist inside our nation; anyway they don't have the foggiest idea how change can be made. They are searching for initiative and feel confident when guaranteed support by a â€Å"star† having the equivalent social foundation. They rush to ignore the way that Eva Longoria doesn't share their budgetary battles. The crowd accepts life can be better, yet are naã ¯ve with respect to how these change can be made . The enraptured crowd gets misinformed, which thusly influences their tuning in. They just needed to hear Eva Longoria talk for the benefit of the present President Barack Obama, about expectation and a promising future. All together for the crowd to have explanations behind assessing the discourse, I Don’t Need a Tax Break, Longoria adhered to Obama’s objectives by communicating the Democratic interests and following Obama’s presidential arrangement point-by-point. The connection between the crowd and the speaker is solid in light of the fact that as Longoria showed in her discourse, â€Å"Just like our leader and first woman, I took out credits to pay for school. I replaced oil in a technician shop, I flipped burgers at Wendy’s, I showed heart stimulating exercise, and I chipped away at grounds to pay them back† (Katz). This statement indicated the difficulties that Longoria has confronted direct all through the principal sections of her life. This helped her associate with the crowd and seem thoughtful to the battles they are encountering. Besides, Longoria urged them to help the Obama crusade so across the board financial battles can be won. The crowd expects a ton from Longoria on the grounds that, in contrast to some other normal resident, Longoria applies star-quality, which makes her voice and sentiment increasingly significant. Then again, Longoria anticipates that the crowd should comprehend and accept that change is conceivable with their decision in favor of the re-appointment of President Barack Obama. The crowd has the desires that Eva Longoria will guarantee that the progressions she has advanced will be finished during the presidents second term in office. In the event that Obama is reappointed as the President of the United States, the crowd should start to observe change inside our general public. So as to viably influence the open vote into Obama’s favor, it is defended through the consolidated utilization of electronic, spoken, and print media. All types of media have the two focal points and disservices in any event, when utilized properly. It is imperative to comprehend the crowd to be best. On account of the, I don’t Need a Tax Break discourse, oral correspondence was utilized to pass on its message most viably. Oral correspondence builds the validity of the speaker’s generally speaking message. It can make a passionate association between the watcher and the speaker, just as, take into consideration quick inquiry and reaction following the discourse. In this manner any inquiries that the crowd may have can be explained following the discourse. All through Eva Longoria’s discourse, she tended to the crowd utilizing clear phrasing ensuring every single word were comprehended and prepared by the watchers. The last sentence of her discourse she communicated the expression, â€Å"Sà ­, se puede† (indeed, you can) (Katz) engaging her Latino Spanish-talking crowd. Eva Longoria needed the crowd to feel that deciding in favor of Obama would produce changes inside our general public. Inside her discourse, she utilized circumstances and end results of specific wonders. In order to persuade the Latinos and ladies who are at present, â€Å"some of the staying unsure and autonomous voters,† (Been) she focused on the significance of training. Eva Longoria grew up as the most youthful of four young ladies, with the understanding that for her family, â€Å"education was impossible and was a cardinal priority† (Katz). Along these lines, despite the fact that Eva Longoria doesn't have kids, she would need them to have the chance to get beneficial training. Additionally, in the YouTube video named, Eva Longoria DNC Speech Democratic National Convention, Eva Longoria alluded to America as, â€Å"a country that prizes aspiration with circumstance, where difficult work can prompt achievement regardless of where you start.† Furthermore, Eva Longoria proceeds with her contention by clarifying Barack Obama’s focal reason in the YouTube video, Eva Longoria DNC Speech Democratic National Convention, â€Å"Our president comprehends the i dea of American open door since he has lived it, and he is battling to help other people accomplish it.† Notwithstanding instruction, she underlined Obama’s want to bring down expenses for â€Å"any working American,† (Katz) make equivalent compensation for ladies, and to help private companies. This guide would start new position openings by â€Å"helping them get advances and cut their duties eighteen times† (Katz). During her discourse, Longoria consistently called attention to the inconsistencies between Obama’s Democratic interests and Mitt Romney’s Republican perspectives by this announcement in the video inside John Boone’s article, â€Å"Obama is pushing us ahead with circumstance today for success tomorrow. Glove Romney needs to return us to yesterday.† Longoria likewise bolstered Obama’s convictions that the working class is helping drive our economy, and slammed Romney’s â€Å"outsourced pioneers† in the YouTube video, Eva Longoria DNC Speech Democratic National Convention, of whom are doing nothing gainful . Likewise, another imperfection that Longoria referenced was the manner by which Romney would prefer to bring down his own charges, while raising those of other American residents. These are amazing allegations that make pressure among the watchers who may differ with these statements. Clint Eastwood talked on the side of Mitt Romney. Clint Eastwood and Eva Longoria’s addresses, speaking to Romney at the Republican National Convention and Obama at the Democratic National Convention, are being thought about and censured in light of the fact that they are the two speakers in the diversion field. Clint Eastwood utilized an artistic procedure by conversing with a â€Å"empty chair,† while Eva Longoria didn't. They regularly attempt to disregard the thought with respect to VIPs who participate in legislative issues, â€Å"celebrities should simply keep their mouth shut with regards to politics† (Boone). Eva Longoria made an enthusiastic point that she is a â€Å"American first† (â€Å"Eva Longoria: There’ll be ‘no void chairs’ in my DNC speech†) and was a functioning member in governmental issues before she turned into an on-screen character. She communicated, â€Å"There are things more significant than acting and film turnout, and that’s being communally engaged† (Boone). Eva Longoria went to the Democratic National Convention with one target †to make sure about the votes of the Latino populace and ladies voters for the re-appointment of Barack Obama on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. Inside John Boone’s article, there is where Eva Longoria announced, â€Å"I speak to two networks; the female network and the Hispanic community.† In her discourse, for example, Eva exhibited an adequate use of â€Å"cause and effect† by showing that helping private companies will make more occupations for American residents. So as to effectively bolster that announcement, Eva Longoria guaranteed in the YouTube video, Eva Longoria DNC Speech Democratic National Convention, â€Å"this is significant in light of the fact that independent ventures make two out of each three new openings in America.† Having the capacity to cast a ballot and have any kind of effect in the political scene is a benefit for one to have. As observed by the video in John Boone’s article Eva Longoria expressed, â€Å"By making your choice, you are choosing the fate of America.† WORKS CITED Been, Charley. Eva Longoria Tells DNC I Dont Need A Tax Break . StarzLife. Starzlife, 7 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. http://www.starzlife.com/20120907/eva-longoria-tells-dnc-I-dont-need-a-tax cut/%20. Boone, John. Eva Longoria Dubs DNC Appearance the Most Important Speech Ive Ever Done in My Life E! On the web. E! Amusement Television, LLC. A Division of NBCUniversal., 6 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. http://www.eonline.com/news/343679/eva-longoria-names dnc-appearance-the-most-significant discourse I-ve-ever-done-in-my-life%20. Eva Longoria DNC Speech De

Presidential Appointments Requiring Senate Approval

Presidential Appointments Requiring Senate Approval What a commendation! The President of the United States has named you to fill a top-level government position, possibly a Cabinet-level occupation. Indeed, appreciate a glass of bubbly and take a few slaps on the back, yet dont sell the house and call the movers right now. The president may need you, however except if you additionally win the endorsement of the U.S. Senate, its back to the shoe store on Monday for you. Over the national government, about 1,200 official level occupations might be filled distinctly by people selected by the president and affirmed by a basic greater part vote of the Senate. For new approaching presidents, filling many, if not most, of these emptied positions as fast as conceivable speaks to a significant piece of their presidential progress process, just as taking a noteworthy segment of time all through the rest of their terms. What Kind of Jobs are These? As indicated by a Congressional Research Service report, these presidentially-designated positions requiring Senate endorsement can be classified as follows: Secretaries of the 15 Cabinet organizations, representative secretaries, undersecretaries, and right hand secretaries, and general guidance of those offices: Over 350 positionsJustices of the Supreme Court: 9 positions (Supreme Court judges serve forever subject to death, retirement, abdication or impeachment.)Certain employments in the free, non-administrative official branch offices, similar to NASA and the National Science Foundation: Over 120 positionsDirector positions in the administrative offices, similar to the Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Aviation Administration: Over 130 positionsU.S. Lawyers and U.S. Marshals: About 200 positionsAmbassadors to outside countries: Over 150 positionsPresidential arrangements to low maintenance positions, similar to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System: Over 160 positions Legislative issues Can Be a Problem Absolutely, the way that these positions require the endorsement of the Senate represents the likelihood that divided governmental issues may assume a basic job in the presidential arrangement process. Particularly during times when one ideological group controls the White House and another gathering holds a lion's share in the Senate, just like the case during the second term of President Barak Obama, Senators of the resistance are bound to attempt to defer or dismiss the president’s candidates. In any case, There are ‘Privileged’ Nominations Planning to stay away from those political traps and deferrals in the presidential candidate endorsement process, the Senate, on June 29, 2011, embraced Senate Resolution 116, which built up a unique sped up system overseeing Senate thought of certain lower-level presidential assignments. Under the goals, more than 40 explicit presidential designations generally right hand division secretaries and individuals from different sheets and commissions-sidestep the Senate subcommittee endorsement process. Rather, the assignments are sent to the chairpersons of the suitable Senate panels under the heading, â€Å"Privileged Nominations †Information Requested.† Once the committees’ staffs have confirmed that the â€Å"appropriate anecdotal and money related surveys have been received† from the chosen one, the designations are considered by the full Senate. In supporting Senate Resolution 116, Senator Chuck Schumer (D-New York) expressed his view that in light of the fact that the designations were for â€Å"noncontroversial positions,† they ought to be affirmed on the floor of the Senate by â€Å"unanimous consent†-meaning they are totally endorsed simultaneously by a solitary voice vote. Be that as it may, under the standards overseeing consistent assent things, any Senator, for oneself or for the benefit of another Senator, can coordinate that a specific â€Å"privileged† candidate be alluded to Senate advisory group and considered in the typical style. Break Appointments: The Presidents’ End Run Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution gives presidents an approach to in any event incidentally sidestep the Senate in making presidential arrangements. In particular, the third statement of Article II, Section 2 awards the president the ability to â€Å"fill up all Vacancies that may occur during the Recess of the Senate, by allowing Commissions which will lapse toward the End of their next Session.† The courts have held that this implies during times the Senate is in a break, the president can make arrangements without the requirement for Senate endorsement. Be that as it may, the representative must be affirmed by the Senate before the finish of the following meeting of Congress, or when the position becomes empty once more. While the Constitution doesn't address the issue, the Supreme Court in its 2014 choice on account of National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning decided that the Senate must be in break for at any rate three continuous days before the president can make break arrangements. This procedure, prevalently known as â€Å"recess appointments,† is regularly exceptionally questionable. While trying to forestall break arrangements, the minority party in the Senate regularly holds â€Å"pro forma† meetings during breaks enduring longer than three days. While no authoritative business is led in a genius forma meeting, they guarantee that Congress isn't formally deferred, in this way obstructing the president from making break arrangements. Presidentially Appointed Jobs With No Senate Needed In the event that you truly need to work â€Å"at the delight of the president,† however don’t need to need to confront the investigation of the U.S. Senate, there are in excess of 320 other elevated level government employments that the president can fill legitimately without the Senate’s thought or endorsement. The occupations, known as PA, or â€Å"Presidential Appointment† occupations pay from about $99,628 to about $180,000 every year and offer full bureaucratic representative advantages, as per the Government Accountability Office.

The Chemistry of Depression - Neurotransmitters and More

The Chemistry of Depression - Neurotransmitters and More Depression Causes Print The Chemistry of Depression What Is the Biochemical Basis of Depression? By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Istockphoto.com/Stock Photo ©ttsz In This Article Table of Contents Expand Neurotransmitters Chemical Imbalances Treating Depression View All There are several theories about what causes depression. The condition most likely results from a complex interplay of individual factors, but one of the most widely accepted explanations cites abnormal brain chemistry.?? Sometimes, people with depression relate the condition back to a specific factor, such as a traumatic event in their life. However, its not uncommon for people who are depressed to be confused as to whyâ€"they may even feel as though they dont have a reason to be depressed. In these cases, learning about the theories of what causes depression can be helpful. Researchers have suggested that for some people, having too little of certain substances in the brain (called neurotransmitters) could contribute to depression. Restoring the balance of brain chemicals could help alleviate symptomsâ€"which is where the different classes of antidepressant medications may come in. It seems simple, but even with the help of medications that work to increase or balance specific neurotransmitters in the brain, depression is a highly complex condition to treat. What proves to be an effective treatment for one person with depression may not work for someone else. Even something that has worked well for someone in the past may become less effective over time, or even stop working, for reasons were still trying to understand. Researchers continue to try to better understand the mechanisms of depression, including brain chemicals, in hopes of finding explanations for these complexities and developing more effective ways to treat them. Depression Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Depression is also a multi-faceted condition, but having an awareness of the brain chemistry component can be useful for medical and mental health professionals, researchers, and many people who have depression. Heres an overview of what is known (and not-yet-known) about how chemical imbalances in the brain may influence depression. Neurotransmitters Put simply, neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. The nerve cells of the brain use neurotransmitters to communicate with each other. The messages they send are believed to play a role in mood regulation. The three neurotransmitters implicated in depression are: NorepinephrineSerotoninDopamine There are other neurotransmitters that can send messages in the brain, including glutamate, GABA, and acetylcholine. Researchers are still learning about the role these brain chemicals play in depression and other conditions, such as Alzheimers and fibromyalgia. How Neurotransmitters Work How Cells Communicate With Neurotransmitters The space between two nerve cells is called the synapse. When cells want to communicate, neurotransmitters can be packaged up and released from the end (axon) of a presynaptic cell. As a packet of neurotransmitters crosses the space, it can be taken up by receptors for a specific chemical on postsynaptic cells (dendrite). For example, serotonin receptors pick up serotonin molecules. If there are any excess molecules in the space, the presynaptic cell will gather them back up and reprocess them to use in another communication. Each type of neurotransmitter can carry a different message and plays a unique role in creating an individuals brain chemistry. Imbalances in these chemicals may contribute to mental health conditions such as depression. How Brain Cells Communicate Norepinephrine Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter and a hormone. It plays a role in the fight or flight response along with adrenaline. It helps send messages from one nerve cell to the next. In the 1960s, Joseph J. Schildkraut suggested norepinephrine was the brain chemical of interest for depression when he presented the catecholamine hypothesis of mood disorders. He proposed depression occurred when there is too little norepinephrine in certain brain circuits. Alternatively, mania results when there is too much of the neurotransmitter in the brain. There is evidence that supports the hypothesis, however, it has not gone unchallenged by researchers. For one, changes in norepinephrine levels do not affect mood in every person. Further, medications specifically targeting norepinephrine may alleviate depression in some people, but not in others. Therefore, researchers now understand that having too little norepinephrine isnt the only chemical cause of depression. Catecholamines and the Stress Response Serotonin Another neurotransmitter is serotonin or the feel good chemical. In addition to helping regulate your mood, serotonin has a number of different jobs throughout the body from your gut to blood clotting to sexual function. In relation to its role in depression, serotonin has taken center stage in the past few decades thanks to the advent of antidepressant medications like Prozac (fluoxetine) and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). As their name implies, these medications specifically act on serotonin molecules. Researchers have been looking into serotonins role in mood disorders for almost 30 years. Arthur J. Prange, Jr. and Alec Coppens permissive hypothesis originally suggested low serotonin levels allowed levels of norepinephrine to fall as well, but that serotonin levels could be manipulated to indirectly raise norepinephrine. Newer antidepressants called serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like Effexor (venlafaxine) target both serotonin and norepinephrine. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) also affect both norepinephrine and serotonin, however, they have the added effect of influencing histamine and acetylcholine. These substances produce the side effects TCAs are known for, such as dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, and urinary hesitancy, among others. SSRIs, on the other hand, do not affect histamine and acetylcholine and dont have the same side effects, and are safer from a cardiovascular standpoint. Therefore, doctors, psychiatrists, and people with depression tend to prefer them to older classes of antidepressants like TCAs. Dopamine A third substance that might play a role in mood is dopamine. Dopamine creates positive feelings associated with reward or reinforcement that motivate us to continue with a task or activity. Dopamine is believed to play an important role in a variety of conditions affecting the brain, including Parkinsons and schizophrenia. There is also evidence that reduced dopamine levels can contribute to depression in some people.?? When other treatments have failed, medications that affect the dopamine system are often added and can be helpful for some people with depression. How Addictions Develop Low Neurotransmitter Levels If low levels of neurotransmitters can contribute to depression, an important question is what causes the low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine in the first place? Research has indicated several potential causes of chemical imbalances in the brain, including: Too little of a specific neurotransmitter (for example, serotonin) is being producedNot enough receptor sites to receive the neurotransmitterPresynaptic cells are taking the neurotransmitter back up before it has a chance to reach the receptor cellToo few of the molecules that build neurotransmitters (chemical precursors)Molecules that help make neurotransmitters (specific enzymes) are in short supply When there is a breakdown anywhere in the process, low levels of neurotransmitters can result. Several emerging theories are concerned with the factors that promote lowered levels, such as cellular (specifically mitochondrial) stress.?? But one of the main challenges for researchers and doctors hoping to connect depression to low levels of specific brain chemicals is that they dont have a way to consistently and accurately measure them.?? Treating Depression Understanding the chemistry of depression may help people better understand the treatments available. While psychotherapy is helpful for some people with depression, if there is a chemical imbalance in the brain, it may not be enough to address their symptoms. If a person finds that therapy alone is not helping them manage their depression, they may want to try medication. For some people, antidepressants combined with psychotherapy proves especially effective for addressing their symptoms. To complicate treatment further, medication does not always work for people with depression. One study evaluating the effectiveness of currently available antidepressants found that these medications only work in about 60% of people with depression.?? Even if your depression is primarily linked to an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, depression affects both your internal and external life. Therefore, medication without therapy may not be sufficient to address all the ways in which depression can affect you. There is also research that suggests neurotransmitter levels can be affected by factors other than medication and that psychotherapy can help a person learn about them. For example, stress may contribute to low levels of certain neurotransmitters. While taking an antidepressant medication might help with the symptoms, it doesnt necessarily address the cause of the low levels. In this situation, therapy to improve stress management and reduce stress could potentially be helpful. Combating Stigma ?Acknowledging the limitations of our current knowledge of depression and its treatment is important. In recent years, some researchers have expressed concerns that pharmaceutical companies marketing antidepressant medications may have misled consumers by oversimplifying or misrepresenting the research into the brain chemistry of depression.?? Additionally, sociological research has found that the stigma attached to depression (and taking medication to treat it) is not necessarily lessened by the theory of chemical imbalance. Several studies have found that when told depression is caused by a chemical imbalance, people tend to feel less confident in their ability to manage the condition.?? Other studies have found that when depression is framed as a disease of the brain, people are more likely to feel the need to avoid a person with depression (usually out of the fear that they are dangerous).?? Not all the research has been negative, though. Several studies included in a 2012 meta-analysis indicated that one of the most effective ways to address and challenge social stigma around mental illness is to educate and discuss conditions and treatmentâ€"which includes being upfront and honest about what is still unknown or not well understood. Depression Statistics Everyone Should Know More Than Changing Brain Chemistry Researchers are studying other molecular pathways in the brain (the glutaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems) to see what role they may play in depression. It may be that rather than a simple deficiency in a one specific brain chemical being the causative factor, some depression symptoms could be related to the relative levels of each type of neurotransmitter in different regions of the brain. Rather than being a simple equation of some unknown factor causing low levels of one or more neurotransmitters and these low levels creating the symptoms of depression, the actual basis of depression is much more complex. While this complexity is often evident to people living with depression, medical professionals and researchers are still trying to understand the intricate nature of diagnosing and treating the condition. For example, in addition to the role of neurotransmitters, we know there are multiple factors involved in causing depression ranging from genetic factors and childhood experiences to our present day-to-day lives and relationships. Even inflammation is being explored as a potential contributing factor.?? A Word From Verywell Neurotransmitters likely play a role in depression, but its also clear that biochemical changes alone cannot explain the complete reality of depression; other factors are at play as well. Accepting how little we truly know about the chemistry of depression can help us maintain perspective and expectations for the medications used to treat depression. For people who are trying to find the right treatment, understanding the complex chemistry can be reassuring when a particular drug doesnt work for them or if they need to try more than one antidepressant.?? Understanding the complexity of depression can also be helpful for those who have been offered hurtful advice, such as being told to just snap out of it. It is no easier for someone to forget they are depressed than it would be for someone with diabetes to lower their blood sugar by simply not thinking about it. Being realistic about the limitations of our knowledge can help us remember that for the time being, there is no one treatment that will work for everyone with depression. More often than not an interdisciplinary approach is needed. At the very least, every person dealing with depression needs and deserves a support team. The Best Online Resources for Depression

Stegomastodon Facts and Figures

Name: Stegomastodon (Greek for roof nippled tooth); pronounced STEG-oh-MAST-oh-don Habitat: Plains of North and South America Historical Epoch: Late Pliocene-Modern (three million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight: About 12 feet long and 2-3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Moderate size; long, upward-curving tusks; complex cheek teeth About Stegomastodon Its name sounds impressive—like a cross between a Stegosaurus and a Mastodon—but you might be disappointed to learn that Stegomastodon is actually Greek for roof-nippled tooth, and that this prehistoric elephant wasnt even a true Mastodon, being more closely related to Gomphotherium than to the genus to which all Mastodons belonged, Mammut. (We wont even mention Stegodon, another elephant family to which Stegomastodon was only distantly related.) As you may already have guessed, Stegomastodon was named after its unusually complex cheek teeth, which allowed it to eat such un-pachyderm-like foods as grass. More importantly, Stegomastodon is one of the few ancestral elephants (besides Cuvieronius) to have prospered in South America, where it survived until historical times. These two pachyderm genera made their way south during the Great American Interchange, three million years ago, when the Panamanian isthmus rose up from the seafloor and connected North and South America (and thus allowed the native fauna to migrate in both directions, with sometimes deleterious effects on native populations). To judge by the fossil evidence, Stegomastodon populated the grasslands east of the Andes mountains, while Cuvieronius preferred higher, cooler altitudes. Given that it survived until shortly after the last Ice Age, 10,000 years ago, its almost certain that Stegomastodon was preyed on by the indigenous human tribes of South America—which, along with inexorable climate change, drove this pachyderm to complete extinction.

Rene Descartes s Philosophy On The Mind - 3358 Words

Introduction to Philosophy October 23, 2014 Renà © Descartes Descartes is one of the most influential and well-known philosophers of all time. The idea he is most famous for is his explanation on the mind. Renà © Descartes is often credited with being the â€Å"Father of Modern Philosophy.† This title is justified due both to his break with the traditional Scholastic-Aristotelian philosophy prevalent at his time and to his development and promotion of the new, mechanistic sciences. He was one of the most influential and well-respected philosophers of 1600’s. Descartes attempted to address the former issue via his method of doubt. His basic strategy was to consider false any belief that falls prey to even the slightest doubt. This â€Å"hyperbolic doubt† then serves to clear the way for what Descartes considers to be an unprejudiced search for the truth. This clearing of his previously held beliefs then puts him at an epistemological ground zero. From here Descartes sets out to find something that lies beyond all doubt. He eventually discovers that â€Å"ergo sum† or â€Å"I exist† is impossible to doubt and is, therefore, absolutely certain. Now his notion on the mind is very extensive. I will be focusing on some of his work regarding the nature of the mind and its ideas, his belief of Cogito, ergo sum and also the sensations and passions. The mind is a very intricate and confusing subject. First off, Descartes argues this concept off Cogito, ergo sum. Which means, â€Å"IShow MoreRelatedPhilosophers and Scientist of Modern Psychology1454 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophical distinction between mind and body can be traced back to the Greeks, it is due to the works of one great Philosopher that till this very day this is still in existence. 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(1) â€Å"Discourse on Method† by Rene’ Descartes Wisdom, according to Rene’ Descartes, can be reached when an individual abandons all other influence and challenges the course of their own personal knowledge by seeking supreme understanding. He believed that everybody is capable of wisdom, but to gain it a person must challenge their very own mind. In the book, â€Å"Discourse on Method†, Descartes describes his method for understanding by firstRead MoreThe Mind-Body Problem Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mind-Body Problem The mind-body problem, which is still debated even today, raises the question about the relationship between the mind and the body. Theorists, such as Renà © Descartes and Thomas Nagel, have written extensively on the problem but they have many dissenting beliefs. Descartes, a dualist, contends that the mind and body are two different substances that can exist separately. Conversely, Nagel, a dual aspect theorist, contends that the mind and body are not substances but differentRead MoreProposed Seven Philosophers On The Existence Of God And Their Development Of These Ideas1413 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers are as follows: (1) Socrates, (2) Plato, (3) Aristotle, (4) Francis Bacon, (5) St. Augustine, (6) Thomas Aquinas, and (7) Rene DesCartes. The specific three I want to focus on being; St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Rene Descartes. Lastly, I will proceed to relate their ideas on the existence of God and their development of these ideas. St. Augustine s epistemology is rationalization. In his argument for the existence of God, he is referring to varying degrees of perfection otherwiseRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Mind And The Body1646 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy of mind had come across when philosophers had an idea of the concepts regarding the human mind and its mysteries. This branch of psychology had intended to elaborate and study the nature and aspects of the human mind, also how these concepts such as mental events, mental functions and consciousness would connect to each other, through the human brain and body. Philosophy of mind became one of the central areas of philosophy as the skills and abilities of metalizing are used to treat individualsRead MoreThe Philosophical Beliefs Of Substance Dualism And Modern Materialism953 Words   |  4 PagesDualism and modern Materialism The tradition of Substance Dualism was formulated by Rene Descartes to define the differing modes of the soul that function in the human mind. The dualistic aspect of this philosophy is based on the presence of a higher power, such as God, that provides the essence of the mind through the soul, yet the human body is separated from this process. Therefore, Descartes sought to divide the mind from the material body as a method of defining the limitations of the body in relation

Drunk Driving Free Essays

Persuasive Presentation Outline Example Driving While Intoxicated Topic: Local San Marcos Problem Organization: Problem/Solution Specific Purpose: I would like my audience to believe that an alcohol education class should be taken before one can receive his/her license Introduction I. Attention Getter: In the past decade, four times as many Americans have died in drunk driving accidents as killed in the Vietnam War (NHTSA, 2006). II. We will write a custom essay sample on Drunk Driving or any similar topic only for you Order Now Relevance: How close have you come to losing your life as a result of an alcohol-related accident? III. Credibility: Recall story about my boyfriend receiving phone call that his brother, Jeremy, had been killed in a drunk driving accident. IV. Propositional Statement: Driving while intoxicated remains a problem in the United States and in the city of San Marcos. Because young people do not know enough about alcohol and its effects. I propose that a mandatory course in alcohol education be required before one can receive his/her driver’s license. Body I. The first part of the problem is that we continue to drive while under the influence of alcohol. A. Drinking and driving is a problem on a national level. 1. 16,189 people were killed in alcohol related accidents in 2005. This is one death every 32 minutes (NHTSA, 2006). 2. Three in every five Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some time in his/her life (NHTSA, 2006). B. Drinking and driving is a problem on a local level. 1. San Marco police department reported 196 arrests in 2005 related to alcohol-related crimes. Of those arrests, 67 were driving while intoxicated. San Marcos Police Department, 2005). 2. 50% increase from arrests made in 2000 (San Marcos Police Department, 2005). Transition: Not only is drinking and driving a major problem, young people are often very uniformed of its effects.II. The second part of the problem is that young people do not know enough about alcohol and its dangerous effects and they received mixed messages about alcohol. A. Young people lace an awareness of alcohol’s severe effects. 1. In 2004, 2. million teenagers did not know that a person could die from an alcohol overdose (Dunning, 2005). 2. Young people believe myths, not facts. (Dunning, 2005). B. Young people receive mixed messages about alcohol and its effects. 1. Less than one in three parents of tenth grade students gave their children a clear â€Å"no-use† message about alcohol (MADD. 2004). 2. When parents â€Å"bargain† with youth, the youth are more likely to drive after drinking or be in a vehicle driven by someone who has been drinking (MADD How to cite Drunk Driving, Papers

The Freedoms of the USA free essay sample

I believe we live in the greatest nation in the world. We have more privileges and freedom than any other place in the world, yet we are still a controlled and peaceful country. We have the rights of freedom of speech, religion and pursuit of happiness which many people from other countries only hope for. We have seen and heard of people that try to come to our great country illegally. We try to stop and punish these people. All you need to do is try living a day in their shoes. Many of these people live in a country with high poverty and crime levels. They long for a higher and better way of life. Many of their government officials are wealthy and corrupt while the common man struggles to survive. We, as an Americans, have the right to the pursuit of happiness. We can be anything we want to be if we dedicate ourselves to working toward that goal. We will write a custom essay sample on The Freedoms of the USA or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Take time to look at the kids around you. Some of them may have family problems and personal struggles but can you imagine that somewhere, kids in other countries are blowing themselves up for their leaders. We all know that we have it great living in America, but really deep down inside, do we really appreciate it? We need to take time just to pray for the leaders and military of this great country. America still has many problems such as illegal drugs, inner city crime and some prejudices. These are things that we as a nation are striving to correct. We may still have a way to go but we are moving in the right direction. Even though we are not perfect, there is no other nation in the world that compares because of our great freedoms!